We cannot see
electricity but we can measure it. Measuring electricity mainly mean to measure
electrical parameters like current, voltage, power and energy values. We are
familiar with these terms but we should clearly understand the physical meaning
of them, let us clear this:
Physically the
current flow in wire is similar to the water flow in a pipe as the
amount of water flow is depend on the amount of pressure applied on the pipe and
the diameter of the pipe, the current flow in wire depend on the voltage
difference that making the current pass and the diameter of the wire. Also Any
thing in the pipe that slow the water flow like smaller pipe or fins inside it
is refer in the electrical term to the resistance of the wire .
What is the
meaning of the voltage?
The voltage is the
force that push electrons to pass throw a circuit (current), so a 100 v power
supply will apply greater push of electrons in a circuit than a 50 v power
supply in the same circuit . Voltage is measured in Volt (V).
What is the meaning of the current?
The current is the
flow of electrons between two points having voltage difference; also you should
note that as the diameter of the wire increase the amount of electric current
(number of electrons) that can flow increased. The current is measured in Amps
(A).
What is the meaning resistance?
The resistance is
the force that impede and slows the flow of electrons in wires and it depends
on the metal of the wire "copper, aluminum, silver…" and its
diameter. Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω).
What is the meaning
of the electrical load?
The electrical load
is any device placed in an electrical circuit and consumed the electricity to
do work, for example the light bulb that convert electrical energy to light and
T.V and much more, every load has a resistance and comply with ohm’s law.
What is ohm’s law?
This law is
discovered by German physicist called George Ohm, the law states that the
current flows throw a material (metal) is proportional to the voltage so if you
doubled the voltage, the current also doubled and if you reduce the voltage by
a half, the current will reduce to the half also and in the two cases the
resistance remain the same.
Ohm’s law formula
is:
Voltage = current x resistance.
V = I x R.
What is the meaning of electrical power?
The electrical power is the rate at which the electricity
is consumed or produced, if we again using the water analogy, power is the
combination of voltage (water pressure) and the rate of flow (current) and the
result is the ability to do work. Simply electrical power is the amount of
electricity required to operate a load for one second and it is measured in
watts (W).
Electrical Power Formula is:
Power = voltage x current
P=
V x I.
What is the meaning
of electrical energy?
Electrical energy is the amount of
power that consumed or generated in one hour, if we use the water analogy, it
will be the amount of water falling throw the pipe over a period of time. So to
indicate the amount of energy consumed by a device you must know how long
(time) the device consume electricity measured in (hours) and the rate of
energy consumption measured in (watt).electrical energy measured in
"kwh" (kilo watt hour).
Electrical energy formula is:
Energy (E) = Power (P)
x Time (T)
E = P x T.
Note that one watt-hour is a very small amount of electrical
energy so usually electrical utilities measure the energy in "kilowatt-hours"
which equal to "1000 watt-hours" when billing customers.
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